Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide Nano-Sheets for Effective Removal of Copper Phthalocyanine from Aqueous Media

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Chemistry Departments, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Graphene Oxide (GO) nano sheets was synthesized from graphite by Hummers method. The nature and morphology of the GO were characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis, SEM and XRD analysis. Batch sorption experiments were carried out to remove copper (ii) phthalocyanine-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt [Cu(tsPc)-4.4Na+] from its aqueous solutions using GO as an adsorbent. Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of contact time, initial dye concentration, ionic strength, and temperature on the adsorption performance. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models have been applied and the Freundlich model was found to be fit with the equilibrium isotherm data. The kinetic data were analyzed using pseudo first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The adsorption kinetics matched well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. The experiments showed that GO is very good adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for [Cu(tsPc)-4.4Na+] dye and the main reason for this good affinity of dye onto GO can be π-π stacking interactions between the polycyclic aromatic structure of (CuTSPc) and unsaturated bonds on the surface of graphene oxide.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Robinson T., McMullan G., Marchant R. and  Nigam P., Remediation of Dyes in Textile Effluent: a Critical Review on Current Treatment Technologies with a Proposed Alternative, Bioresour. Technol., 77(3): 247-255 (2001).
[2] Ayad M.M., El-Nasr A.A., Adsorption of Cationic Dye (Methylene Blue) From Water Using Polyaniline Nanotubes Base, J. Phys. Chem. C, 114(34): 14377-14383 (2010).
[3] Wong Y.C., Szeto Y.S., Cheung W.H., McKay G., Equilibrium Studies for Acid Dye Adsorption Onto Chitosan, Langmuir, 19(19): 7888-7894 (2003).
[4] Sharma P., Das M.R., Removal of A Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Graphene Oxide Nanosheets: Investigation of Adsorption Parameters, J. Chem. Eng. Data., 58(1): 151-158 (2012).
[5] Löbbert G., Phthalocyanines, “Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry”, John Wiley, Inc. (2000).
[6] Leznoff C.C., Lever A.B.P., “The Phthalocyanines”, Vols 1-4, John Wiley, Inc. (1986-1993).
[7] McKeown N.B., Phthalocyanine Materials- Synthesis, Structure and Function,” Cambridge University Press” (1998).
[8] Ehsani M.R., Safadoost A.R., Avazzadeh R., Barkhordari A., Kinetic Study of Ethyl Mercaptan Oxidation in Presence of Merox Catalyst, Iran. J.Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 32(2): 71-80 (2013).
[9] Faddeenkova G.A., Kundo N.N., Use of Cobalt (II) Phthalocyanine Sulfonates in Gas Purification to Remove Hydrogen Sulfide, Russ. J. Appl. Chem., 76(12): 1946-1950 (2003).
[10] Sandor S., Prelipceanu O., Checiu I., Sulphonated Phthalocyanine Induced Caudal Malformative Syndrome in the Chick Embryo, Morphologie et embryologie, 31(3): 173-181 (1984).
[11] Yang S.T., Chen S., Chang Y., Cao A., Liu Y., Wang H., Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Graphene Oide, J. Colloid Interface Sci, 359(1): 24-29 (2011).
[12] Zhang W., Zhou C., Zhou W., Lei A., Zhang Q., Wan Q., Zou B., Fast and Considerable Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye Onto Graphene Oxide, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 87(1): 86-90 (2011).
[13] Liu F., Chung S., Oh G., Seo T.S., Three-Dimensional Graphene Oxide Nanostructure for Fast and Efficient Water-Soluble Dye Removal, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 4(2): 922-927 (2012).
[14] Ramesha G.K., Kumara A.V., Muralidhara H.B., Sampath S., Graphene and Graphene Oxide as Effective Adsorbents Toward Anionic and Cationic Dyes, J. Colloid Interface Sci, 361(1): 270-277 (2011).
[15] Xie G., Xi P., Liu H., Chen F., Huang L., Shi Y., Wang J., A Facile Chemical Method to Produce Superparamagnetic Graphene Oxide–Fe3O4 Hybrid Composite and Its Application in the Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solution, J. Mater. Chem, 22(3): 1033-1039 (2012).
[16] Li Y., Du Q., Liu T., Peng X., Wang J., Sun J., Xia L., Comparative Study of Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption Onto Activated Carbon, Graphene Oxide, and Carbon Nanotubes, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 91(2): 361-368 (2013).
[17] Hummers Jr., William S., Offeman R.E., Preparation of Graphitic Oxide, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 80(6): 1339-1339 (1958).
[18] Chen D., Feng H., Li J., Graphene Oxide: Preparation, Functionalization, and Electrochemical Applications, Chem. Rev., 112(11): 6027-6053 (2012).
[19] Naseri, A., Barati, R., Rasoulzadeh, F., Bahram, M., Studies on Adsorption of Some Organic Dyes from Aqueous Solution onto Graphene Nanosheets, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 34(2): 51-60 (2015).
[20] Faraji H., Mohamadi A.A., Arezomand S., Reza H., Mahvi, A.H., Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies of the Removal of Blue Basic 41 and Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Rice Stems, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 34(3): 33-42 (2015).
[21] Uslu G., Tanyol M., Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Parameters of Single and Binary Mixture Biosorption of Lead (II) and Copper (II) Ions Onto Pseudomonas Putida: Effect of Temperature, J. Hazard. Mater, 135(1): 87-93 (2006).
[22] Langmuir I., The Aadsorption of Gases on Plane Surfaces of Glass, Mica and Platinum, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 40(9): 1361-1403 (1918).
[23] Freundlich H.M.F., Over the Adsorption in Solution, J. Phys. Chem, 57(385): (1906).
[24] Foo K., Hameed B. H., Insights Into the Modeling of Adsorption Isotherm Systems, Chem. Eng. J., 156(1): 2-10 (2010).
[25] Qiu H., Lv L., Pan B.C., Zhang Q.J., Zhang W.M., Zhang Q.X., Critical Review in Adsorption Kinetic Models, Journal of Zhejiang University Science A, 10(5): 716-724, (2009).
[26] Shi Z., Zou P., Guo M., Yao S., Adsorption Equilibrium and Kinetics of Lead Ion onto Synthetic Ferrihydrites, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 34(3): (2015).
[27] Azizian S., Kinetic Models of Sorption: A Theoretical Analysis, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 276(1): 47-52 (2004).

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics