Synthesis of Zinc-Sulfate Nano Particles and Detection of Their Induction Time, Nucleation Rate and Interfacial Tension

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, I.R. IRAN

2 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Qom, Qom, I.R. IRAN

3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, I.R. IRAN

Abstract

The production of zinc sulfate is important both medically and agriculturally. If zinc sulfate is produced without agglomeration at the nanoscale, its absorption in the body is more and faster. In this research, the induction time parameter is assessed for nucleation of zinc sulfate nanoparticles at room temperature and various supersaturations using acetone (as anti-solvent) in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant (SDS). The nucleation mechanism of zinc sulfate nanoparticles altered from primary to secondary by adding SDS surfactant in solution. The morphology of the zinc sulfate nanoparticles was analyzed by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) tests. The TEM results revealed that the size of the nanoparticles is between 30 and 35 nm in the presence of SDS surfactant. The experimental data proved that the induction time reduces and improves with increasing supersaturation and SDS concentration, respectively. Meanwhile, the nucleation rate increases with the decrease in the interfacial tension of the zinc sulfate particles. The experimental results were also compared with the predictions of classical nucleation theory and the results proved good agreement between them. 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1]  Dehno Khalaji A., Solid State Process for Preparation of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles: Characterization and Optical Study, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 35 (3): 17-20 (2016).
[2] Ghadami Jadval Ghadam A., Idrees M., Characterization of CaCO3 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Reverse Microemulsion Technique in Different Concentrations of Surfactants, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 32(3): 27-35
[3] Ghaemi M., Gholamipour S., Controllable Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Sargassum Angostifolium, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 36(1): 1-10 (2017)
[4] Gutsch A., Krämer M., Michael G., Mühlenweg H., Pridöhl M., Zimmermann G., Gas-Phase Production of Nanoparticles, KONA Powder and Particle J., 20(0): 24-37 (2002).
[5] Wegner, K., Pratsinis, S.E., Gas-Phase Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Scale-up and Design of Flame Reactors, Powder Tech., 150(2): 117-122 (2005).
[6] Shimomura M., Sawadaishi T., Bottom-up Strategy of Materials Fabrication: a New Trend in Nanotechnology of Soft Materials, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci, 6(1): 11-16 (2001).
[7] Kashchiev, D., van Rosmalen, G.M., Review: Nucleation in Solutions Revisited, Cryst. Res. Technol., 38(7-8): 555-574 (2003).
[8] Carl C., “Nanostructured Materials” (Second Edition), William Andrew Publishing, Norwich, NY, (2007).
[9] Hatami N., Ghader S., Induction Time of Silver Nanoparticles Precipitation: Experiment and Modeling, Cryst. Res. Technol., 44(9): 953-960 (2009).
[10] Ghader S., Manteghian M., Kokabi M., Mamoory R.S., Induction Time of Reaction Crystallization of Silver Nanoparticles, Chem. Eng. Tech., 30(8): 1129-1133 (2007).
[11] Mahabadi M.A., Manteghian M., Induction Time in Formation of Copper Nanoparticles, Journal Nanosains & Nanoteknologi, 6: 32-37(2009).
[12] Kobari M., Kubota N., Hirasawa I., Computer Simulation of Metastable Zone width for Unseeded Potassium Sulfate Aqueous Solution, J. Cryst. Growth., 317(1): 64-69 (2011).
[13] Sadeghi, M.M., Manteghian, M., Determining the Stability of Potassium Sulfate Nanoparticles Influence of Mineral and Organic Additives, J. Phys. Sci. 21: 91-101 (2016).
[14] Naser I., Manteghian M., Bastani D., Mohammadzadeh M., A Comprehensive Empirical Correlation for prediction of Supersolubility and Width of the Metastable Zone in Crystallization, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 22 (2), 23-34 (2003)
[15] Mullin J.W., “Crystallization” (Fourth Edition), Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, (2001).
[16] Jones, A.G., “Crystallization Process Systems (3 - Crystallization Principles and Techniques)”, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, (2002).
[17] Myerson A.S., Ginde R., “Handbook of Industrial Crystallization (2 - Crystals, Crystal Growth,  and Nucleation)”, (Second Edition), Butterworth-Heinemann, Woburn, (2002).
[18] Tai C.Y., Chien W.C., Interpreting the Effects of Operating Variables on the Induction Period of CaCl2–Na2CO3 System by a Cluster Coagulation Model, Chem. Eng. Sci., 58(14): 3233-3241 (2003).
[19] Xu C.-h., Liu D.-j., Chen W., Effects of Operating Variables and Additive on the Induction Period of MgSO4–NaOH System, J. Cryst. Grow., 310(18): 4138-4142 (2008).
[20] Simiari M., Manteghian M., Ghashamshmi-Iraj M., Effect of Different Variables on the Size Distribution of Barium Chromate Nanoparticles, Mod. Appl. Sci., 11(3): 32-  (2016).
[21] Manteghian M., Faravar A., Induction Time of Induced Crystallization of Potassium Chloride Nanoparticles, J. Chem. Eng. Res. Studies, 1(3): (2014).
[22] Isopescu R., Mateescu C., Mihai M., Dabija G., The Effects of Organic Additives on Induction Time and Characteristics of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 88(11): 1450-1454 (2010).
[23] Kanagadurai R., Durairajan R., Sankar R., Sivanesan G., Elangovan S., Jayavel R., Nucleation Kinetics, Growth and Characterization Studies of a Diamagnetic Crystal-Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate (ZSHH), J. Chemistry, 6(3): 871-879 (2009).
[24] Flaten E.M., Seiersten M., Andreassen J.-P., Induction Time Studies of Calcium Carbonate in Ethylene Glycol and Water, Chem. Eng. Res. Design, 88(12): 1659-1668 (2010).
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Volume 38, Issue 6 - Serial Number 98
November and December 2019
Pages 45-52

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics