Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline-Based Multi Nano Sensor for Simultaneous Detection of Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Ethanol and Ammonia Gases

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN

2 Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN

Abstract

In this study, a multi nanosensor was fabricated for the simultaneous detection of carbon dioxide, methane, ethanol, and ammonia gases, and its electrochemical response to various concentrations of these gases were investigated. In order to fabricate this multi nanosensor, in the first phase, the Graphene-Oxide/Polyaniline (GO/PANI) nanocomposite was synthesized. Chemical composition, morphology and the structure of the nano-composite was studied by Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that the GO successfully synthesized and the polyaniline particles are well bonded on the surface of the GO sheets. In the second phase, the formed nano-composite was placed on silver-coated electrodes and then, by placing the nanoparticles of aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and titanium oxide, the different parts of the multi-nano sensor were became more sensitive toward the four mentioned gases. The responsiveness and sensitivity of the multi-nano sensor to each of the gaseswere measured by amperometric experiments and the results showed that the sensitivity of the multi-nano sensor fabricated to the detection of the above gases is acceptable. The results of the electrochemical tests showed that the response of each multi-nano sensor component to a mixture of the above four gas is defined as a four unknown equation and with considering the responses of 4 multi-nano sensor components simultaneously to the 4-gas mixture, 4 × 4unknown equations are obtained, which by solving the equation one can be found the exact concentration of each of the 4 measured gases.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Naghib S.M., Rabiee M., Omidinia E., Electrochemical Biosensor for L-phenylalanine Based on a Gold Electrode Modified with Graphene Oxide Nanosheets and Chitosan, Int. J. Electrochem Sci., 9: 2341-2353 (2014).
[2] Rabiee N., Safarkhani M., Rabiee M., Ultra-Sensitive Electrochemical on-Line Determination of Clarithromycin Based on Poly (L-Aspartic Acid)/Graphite Oxide/Pristine Graphene/Glassy Carbon Electrode. Asian Journal of Nanosciences and Materials, 1: 61-70 (2018).
[3] Abdolrahim M., Rabiee M., Alhosseini S.N., Tahriri M., Yazdanpanah S., Tayebi L., Development of Optical Biosensor Technologies for Cardiac Troponin Recognition, Analytical Biochemistry, 485: 1-10 (2015).
[4] Abdorahim M., Rabiee M., Alhosseini S.N., Tahriri M., Yazdanpanah S., Alavi S.H., Tayebi L., Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Immunosensors for Cardiac Troponin Recognition: An Illustrated Review, TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 82: 337-347 (2016).
[5] Ghasemi A., Rabiee N., Ahmadi S., Lolasi F., Borzogomid M., Kalbasi A., Nasseri B., Dezfuli A.S., Aref A., Karimi M., Optical Assays Based on Colloidal Inorganic Nanoparticles. Analyst, 143 (14):3249-3283 (2018)
[6] Kharati M., Foroutanparsa S., Rabiee M., Salarian R., Rabiee N., Rabiee G., Early Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis based on Optical and Electrochemical Biosensors: Comprehensive Perspective. Current Analytical Chemistry, 14: 1-11 (2018)
[7] Lim J.Y., Mubarak N.M., Abdullah E.C., Nizamuddin S., Khalid M., Inamuddin Recent Trends in the Synthesis of Graphene and Graphene Oxide Based Nanomaterials for Removal of Heavy Metals - A Review, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 66: 29-44  (2018).
[8] Muzyka R., Kwoka M., Smędowski Ł., Díez N., Gryglewicz G., Oxidation of Graphite by Different Modified Hummers Methods, New Carbon Materials, 32 (1): 15-20 (2017).
[9] Huang Y.F., Lin C.W., Facile Synthesis and Morphology Control of Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Nanocomposites via in-Situ Polymerization Process, Polymer, 53(13): 2574-2582 (2012).
[10] Park S., Ruoff R.S., Chemical Methods for the Production of Graphenes, Nature Nanotechnology, 4: 217 (2009).
[11] Wu Y., Jia P., Xu L., Chen Z., Xiao .L, Sun J., Zhang J., Huang Y., Bielawski C.W., Geng J., Tuning the Surface Properties of Graphene Oxide by Surface-Initiated Polymerization of Epoxides: An Efficient Method for Enhancing Gas Separation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9(5): 4998-5005 (2017).
[12] Lawal A.T., Progress in Utilisation of Graphene for Electrochemical Biosensors, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 106: 149-178 (2018).
[13] Nemade K.R., Waghuley S.A., Highly Responsive Carbon Dioxide Sensing by Graphene/Al2O3 Quantum Dots Composites at Low Operable Tmperature, Indian Journal of Physics, 88 (6): 577-583 (2014).
[14] Galstyan V., Comini E., Baratto C., Faglia G., Sberveglieri G., Nanostructured ZnO chemical gas sensors. Ceramics International, 41 (10, Part B):14239-14244 (2015).
[15] Chang Y., Yao Y., Wang B., Luo H., Li T., Zhi L., Reduced Graphene Oxide Mediated SnO2 Nanocrystals for Enhanced Gas-sensing Properties, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 29(2):157-160 (2013)
[16] Inyawilert K., Wisitsoraat A., Sriprachaubwong C., Tuantranont A., Phanichphant S., Liewhiran C., Rapid Ethanol Sensor Based on Electrolytically-Exfoliated Graphene-Loaded Flame-Made In-Doped SnO2 Composite Film, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 209:40-55 (2015)
[17] Zhang D., Liu J., Chang H., Liu A., Xia B., Characterization of a Hybrid Composite of SnO2 Nanocrystal-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide for ppm-Level Ethanol Gas Sensing Application, RSC Advances, 5(24): 18666-18672 (2015).
[18] Ye Z, Tai H, Guo R, Yuan Z, Liu C, Su Y, Chen Z, Jiang Y., Excellent Ammonia Sensing Performance of Gas Sensor Based on Graphene/Titanium Dioxide Hybrid with Improved Morphology, Applied Surface Science, 419: 84-90 (2017).
[19] Jiménez P., Castell P., Sainz R., Ansón A., Martínez M.T., Benito A.M., Maser W.K., Carbon Nanotube Effect on Polyaniline Morphology in Water Dispersible Composites, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 114 (4):1579-1585 (2010).
[20] Yoo M.J., Park H.B., Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on Properties of Graphene Oxide in Hummers Method, Carbon, 141: 515-522 (2018).
[21] Zaaba N.I., Foo K.L., Hashim U., Tan S.J., Liu W.-W., Voon C.H., Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Using Modified Hummers Method: Solvent Influence, Procedia Engineering, 184: 469-477 (2017).
[22] Xu G., Wang N., Wei J., Lv L., Zhang J., Chen Z., Xu Q., Preparation of Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Nanocomposite with Assistance of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for Supercapacitor Electrodes, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 51(44): 14390-14398 (2012).
[23] Yan, X., Chen, J., Yang, J., Xue, Q. Miele, P., Fabrication of Free-Standing, Electrochemically Active, and Biocompatible Graphene Oide− Polyaniline and Graphene− Polyaniline Hybrid Papers, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2(9): 2521-2529 (2010).
[24] Mori M., Itagaki Y., Iseda J., Sadaoka Y., Ueda T., Mitsuhashi H., Nakatani M., Influence of VOC Structures on Sensing Property of SmFeO3 Semiconductive Gas Sensor, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 202:873-877 (2014).
[25] Zhu B.L., Xie C.S., Wang W.Y., Huang K.J., Hu J.H., Improvement in Gas Sensitivity of ZnO Thick Film to Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) by Adding TiO2, Materials Letters 58 (5):624-629 (2004).
[26] Wang C., Yin L., Zhang L., Xiang D., Gao R., Metal Oxide Gas Sensor: Sensitivity and Influencing Factors, Sensors 10 (3):2088-2106 (2010).
[27] Mohamadzadeh Moghadam M.H., Sabury S., Gudarzi M.M., Sharif F., Graphene Oxide-Induced Polymerization and Crystallization to Produce Highly Conductive Polyaniline/Graphene Oxide Composite, Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 52(11): 1545-1554 (2014).
[28] Rana U., Malik S., Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Nanostructures: Transformation of 2D Sheet to 1D Nanotube and in Situ Reduction, Chemical Communications, 48(88):10862-10864 (2012).
[29] Xu L.Q., Liu Y.L., Neoh K.G., Kang E.T., Fu G.D., Reduction of Graphene Oxide by Aniline with Its Concomitant Oxidative Polymerization, Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 32(8): 684-688 (2011).
[30] Bhanvase B.A., Patel M.A., Sonawane S.H., Kinetic Properties of Layer-by-Layer Assembled Cerium Zinc Molybdate Nanocontainers During Corrosion Inhibition, Corrosion Science, 88:170-177 (2014).
[31] Chen X., Chen B., Macroscopic and Spectroscopic Investigations of the Adsorption of Nitroaromatic Compounds on Graphene Oxide, Reduced Graphene Oxide, and Graphene Nanosheets, Environmental Science & Technology, 49 (10): 6181-6189 (2015).
[32] Liu F., Chung S., Oh G., Seo T.S., Three-Dimensional Graphene Oxide Nanostructure for Fast and Efficient Water-Soluble Dye Removal, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 4(2): 922-927 (2012).
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Volume 39, Issue 3 - Serial Number 101
May and June 2020
Pages 93-105

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics