3D-Modeling of a Coaxial Borehole Heat Exchanger in Sahand Field, Northwest Iran Considering the Porous Medium and Presence of Nanofluids

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Hydrogen and fuel cell laboratory, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, I.R. IRAN

2 Renewable Energies and Environment Department, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, I.R. IRAN

Abstract

The purpose of this study is the 3D CFD numerical modeling of a coaxial borehole heat exchanger. The operating fluid inlet velocity, the groundwater seepage velocity, the soil porosity, and the use of nanofluids instead of pure water are investigated. Ansys Fluent software is used for numerical simulation and the k-ε turbulence model is employed for turbulent flow modeling. The results show that they significantly increase the operating fluid temperature. The presence of groundwater seepage decreases the temperature of the working fluid which is related to the groundwater flow velocity. High soil and backfill porosity affect the thermal performance of CBHE, and increase thermal resistance, and decrease thermal conductivity. The nanofluids utilization with a higher thermal conductivity than pure water increases the temperature growth rate along the outer pipe. Kriging optimization method suggested that the best operating conditions for the system are inlet water velocity 0.03 m/s, groundwater velocity 5 m/d, soil porosity 0.28, backfill thermal conductivity 3.3 (W/m.K) and CuO/water nanofluid. By considering the mentioned operating conditions, the working fluid temperature increases by about 6% at the depth of 60 m.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Li Y., Mao J., Geng S., Han X., Zhang H., Evaluation of Thermal Short-Circuiting and Influence on Thermal Response Test for Borehole Heat Exchanger, Geothermics, 50: 136–147 (2014).
[2] Erol S., François B., Efficiency of Various Grouting Materials for Borehole Heat Exchangers, Applied Thermal Engineering, 70(1): 788–799 (2014).
[3] Zhao J., Wang H., Li X., Dai C., Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Model of Heat Transfer of Saturated Soil around Coaxial Ground Coupled Heat Exchanger, Applied Thermal Engineering, 28(2–3): 116–125 (2008).
[4] Beier R.A., Acuña J., Mogensen P., Palm B., Borehole Resistance and Vertical Temperature Profiles in Coaxial Borehole Heat Exchangers, Applied Energy, 102: 665–675 (2013).
[5] Noorollahi Y., Pourarshad M., Jalilinasrabady S., Yousefi H., Numerical Simulation of Power Production from Abandoned Oil Wells in Ahwaz Oil Field in Southern Iran,” Geothermics, 55: 16–23 (2015).
[6] Li G., Yang J., Zhu X., Shen Z., Numerical Study on the Heat Transfer Performance of Coaxial Shallow Borehole Heat Exchanger, Energy and Built Environment, 2(4): 445–455 (2021).
[7] Shoeibi H., Mehrpooya M., Assareh E., Izadi M., Pourfayaz F., Transient Simulation and Exergy Analysis of Heat-Pump Systems Integrated with Solar Compound Parabolic Collector, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 41(6): 2121–2134 (2022).
[8] Chen S., Mao J., Han X., Heat Transfer Analysis of a Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger Using Numerical Simulation and Multiple Regression Model, Energy and Buildings, 129: 81–91 (2016).
[9] Abjadi A., Asadbeigi M., Farjyar S., Ghafoorian F., “3D CFD Investigation on Thermal Performance of a U-Tube Borehole Heat Exchanger", 11: (2021).
[10] Li B., Han Z., Hu H., Bai C., Study on the Effect of Groundwater Flow on the Identification of Thermal Properties of Soils, Renewable Energy, 147: 2688–2695 (2020).
[11] Ahmadi N., Ashrafi H., Rostami S., Vatankhah Reza, Investigation of the Effect of Gradual Change of the Inner Tube Geometrical Configuration on the Thermal Performance of the Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 42(7): 2305-2317 (2023).
[12] Ma J., Jiang Q., Zhang Q., Xie Y., Wang Y., Yi F., Effect of Groundwater Forced Seepage on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Borehole Heat Exchangers, Geotherm Energy, 9(1): 11 (2021).
[13] Jia G.S., Ma Z.D., Xia Z.H., Wang J.W., Zhang Y.P.,  Jin L.W., Investigation of the Horizontally-Butted Borehole Heat Exchanger based on a Semi-Analytical Method Considering Groundwater Seepage and Geothermal Gradient, Renewable Energy, 171: 447–461 (2021).
[14] Jahangir M.H., Sarrafha H., Kasaeian A., Numerical Modeling of Energy Transfer in Underground Borehole Heat Exchanger within Unsaturated Soil, Applied Thermal Engineering, 132: 697–707 (2018).
[15] Sheikholeslami M., Gerdroodbary M.B., Shafee A., Tlili I., Hybrid Nanoparticles Dispersion into Water Inside a Porous Wavy Tank Involving Magnetic Force, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 141(5): 1993–1999 (2020).
[16] Zhang C., Chen P., Liu Y., Sun S., Peng D., An Improved Evaluation Method for Thermal Performance of Borehole Heat Exchanger, Renewable Energy, 77: 142–151 (2015).
[17] Zhu L., Chen S., Yang Y., Sun Y., Transient Heat Transfer Performance of a Vertical Double U-Tube Borehole Heat Exchanger under Different Operation Conditions, Renewable Energy, 131: 494–505 (2019).
[18] Jarrahian A., Heidaryan E., A Novel Correlation Approach to Estimate Thermal Conductivity of Pure Carbon Dioxide in the Supercritical Region, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 64: 39–45 (2012).
[19] Ali A.R.I., Salam B., A Review on Nanofluid: Preparation, Stability, Thermophysical Properties, Heat transfer Characteristics and Application, SN Appl. Sci., 2(10): 1636 (2020).
[20] Daneshipour M., Rafee R., Nanofluids as the Circuit Fluids of the Geothermal Borehole Heat Exchangers, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 81: 34–41 (2017).
[21] Diglio G., Roselli C., Sasso M., Jawali Channabasappa U., Borehole Heat Exchanger with Nanofluids as Heat Carrier, Geothermics, 72: 112–123 (2018).
[22] Sheikholeslami M., Haq R., Shafee A., Li Z., Elaraki Y.G., Tlili I., Heat Transfer Simulation of Heat Storage Unit with Nanoparticles and Fins through a Heat Exchanger, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 135: 470–478 (2019).
[23] Zhou Y., et al., A Two-Phase Simulation for Analyzing the Hydraulic-Thermal Performance of Cu–Water Nanofluid within a Tube Enhanced with W- and C-Shaped Ribs, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 43: 102794 (2023).
[24] Samanipour H., Ahmadi N., Jabbary A., Effects of Applying Brand-New Designs on the Performance of PEM Fuel Cell and Water Flooding Phenomena, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 41(2): 618–634 (2022).
[25] Ashrafi H., Pourmahmoud N., Mirzaee I., N. Ahmadi, Introducing a New Serpentine Configuration of Gas Channels to Enhance the Performance and Reduce the Water Flooding in the PEMFC, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 42(1): 192-207 (2022).
[26] Yousefi H., et al., Developing the Geothermal Resources Map of Iran, Geothermics, 39(2): 140–151 (2010).
[27] Yaria M., Javaani N., Ansari A., Moradian H., “Design and Installation of the First Geothermal Heat Pump in Iran” (2005).
[28] Fang L., Diao N., Shao Z., Zhu K., Fang Z., A Computationally Efficient Numerical Model for Heat Transfer Simulation of Deep Borehole Heat Exchangers, Energy and Buildings, 167: 79–88 (2018).
[29] Das B.M., Das B.M., "Advanced Soil Mechanics", Taylor & Francis, New York, (2008).
[30] Nichols R.H., "Turbulence Models and their Application to Complex Flows", University of Alabama at Birmingham, Revision, UAB, (2010).
[31] Bejan A., Kraus A.D., Heat Transfer Handbook, John Wiley & Sons, (2003).
[32] Fatchurrohman N., Chia S.T., Performance of Hybrid nano-Micro Reinforced mg Metal Matrix Composites Brake Calliper: Simulation Approach, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 257: 012060 (2017).
[33] Jiji L.M., Heat Convection, Springer Science & Business Media, (2009).
[34] Fan R., Jiang Y., Yao Y., Shiming D., Ma Z., A Study on the Performance of a Geothermal Heat Exchanger under Coupled Heat Conduction and Groundwater Advection, Energy, 32(11): 2199–2209 (2007).
[35] Angelotti A., Alberti L., La Licata I., Antelmi M., Energy Performance and Thermal Impact of a Borehole Heat Exchanger in a Sandy Aquifer: Influence of the Groundwater Velocity, Energy Conversion and Management, 77: 700–708 (2014).
[36] Choi W., Ooka R., Effect of Natural Convection on Thermal Response Test Conducted in Saturated Porous Formation: Comparison of gravel-Backfilled and Cement-Grouted Borehole Heat Exchangers, Renewable Energy, 96: 891–903 (2016).
[37] Choi J.C., Park J., Lee S.R., Numerical Evaluation of the Effects of Groundwater Flow on Borehole Heat Exchanger Arrays, Renew. Ene., 52: 230–240 (2013).
[38] Dirker J., Meyer J.P., Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients in Concentric Annuli, Heat Transfer Engineering, 26(2): 38–44 (2005).
[39] Menter F.R., Two-Equation Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Models for Engineering Applications, AIAA Journal, 32(8): 1598–1605 (1994).
[40] Kim D., et al., Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics of Nanofluids under Laminar and Turbulent Flow Conditions, Current Applied Physics,  9(2): e119–e123 (2009).
[41] Sheikholeslami M., Ganji D.D., "Applications of Semi-Analytical Methods for Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer", Elsevier, (2018).
[42] Mintsa H.A., Roy G., Nguyen C.T., Doucet D., New Temperature Dependent Thermal Conductivity Data for Water-based Nanofluids, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 48(2): 363–371 (2009).
[43] Maı̈ga S.E.B., Nguyen C.T., Galanis N., Roy G., Heat Transfer Behaviours of Nanofluids in a Uniformly Heated Tube, Super. Micro., 35(3–6): 543–557 (2004).
[44] Brinkman H.C., The Viscosity of Concentrated Suspensions and Solutions, The Journal of Chemical Physics, 20(4): 571–571 (1952).
[45] Bidarmaghz A., Narsilio G.A., Is Natural Convection within an Aquifer a Critical Phenomenon in Deep Borehole Heat Exchangers’ Efficiency?, Applied Thermal Engineering, 212: 118450 (2022).
[46] Huang Y., Zhang Y., Xie Y., Zhang Y., Gao X., Ma J., Long-Term Thermal Performance Analysis of Deep Coaxial Borehole Heat Exchanger based on Field Test, J. Clean. Produc., 278: 123396 (2021).
[47] Zhang L., Shi Z., Yuan T., Study on the Coupled Heat Transfer Model based on Groundwater Advection and Axial Heat Conduction for the Double U-Tube Vertical Borehole Heat Exchanger, Sustainability, 12(18): 7345 (2020).
[48] Basok B., Davydenko B., Koshlak H., Novikov V., Free Convection and Heat Transfer in Porous Ground Massif during Ground Heat Exchanger Operation, Materials, 15(14): 4843 (2022).
[49] Mehrpooya M., Asadbeigi M., Ghafoorian F., Farajyar S., Investigation and Optimization on Effective Parameters of a H-rotor Darrieus Wind Turbine, Using CFD Method, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 42(9): 3030-3046 (2023).
[50] Akhlagi M., Ghafoorian F., Mehrpooya M., Sharifi Rizi M., Effective Parameters Optimization of a Small Scale Gorlov Wind Turbine, Using CFD Method, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 42(7): 2286-2304 (2023).
Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Volume 42, Issue 11 - Serial Number 133
November 2023
Pages 3898-3916

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics